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Political Tolerance Hypotheses and White Opposition to a Martin Luther King Holiday in Arizona

ISSN: 0362-3319.
Journal from gdlhub / 2012-06-19 09:32:04
By : NICHOLAS 0. ALOZIE, Arizona State University
Created : 2012-06-19, with 1 files

Keyword : Political Tolerance Hypotheses and White Opposition to a Martin Luther King Holiday in Arizona
Subject : Political Tolerance Hypotheses and White Opposition to a Martin Luther King Holiday in Arizona
Document Source : Internet

On November 2, 1983, President Reagan signed into law national legislation

designating the third Monday in January a national holiday in memory of

Martin Luther King Jr. (MLK). At the end of 1992, except for New Hampshire

that had a Civil Rights Day that did not mention MLK specifically, every state

and the District of Columbia (including the U.S. territories of Guam, Puerto

Rico, and Virgin Islands) had established some form of a MLK holiday.

However, only Arizona voters decided the holiday issue via a statewide ballot

initiative. Voters finally approved an initiative in 1992 after rejecting a similar

one in 1990. Rejection of the 1990 proposal evoked national condemnation and

provoked sanctions from organizations ranging from the National Football

League to the National League of Cities. While the white community provided

excuses, the black community reacted with charges of racism. Building on the

traditional literature which links white contributions to black political gains to

white political tolerance, this study explores the extent to which data gathered

from white voters on the holiday support hypotheses drawn from the political

tolerance model. Analysis indicate results that conform to the expectations of

the model. Less educated, older, politically conservative, LDS, and rural white

Arizonans are less likely to voice approval for such a holiday.

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