GDL

Trade-Affected Workers: Manufacturing and Services Compared

ISSN: 0362-3319.
Journal from gdlhub / 2017-08-14 12:04:23
Oleh : BARTHOLOMEW ARMAH, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
Dibuat : 2012-06-19, dengan 1 file

Keyword : Trade-Affected Workers: Manufacturing and Services Compared
Subjek : Trade-Affected Workers: Manufacturing and Services Compared
Sumber pengambilan dokumen : Internet

In the extended Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson model of international trade, trade


patterns are explained by variations in factor endowments, including human capital,among economies. The relative abundance of physical and human capital in the


U.S. suggests that human and physical capital-intensive industries will tend to enjoy


a competitive advantage in international markets. Consequently, trade-related


employment displacements will tend to be concentrated among minorities, due to


their relatively lower skill and education levels. Indeed, studies by Armah and Aho


and Or? report higher human capital intensities and lower minority and female


employment levels in trade-enhanced U.S. manufacturing industries. For the most


part, however, trade theory has been applied almost exclusively to goods trade.


While Nusbaumer,6 and Herman and van Hoist’ question the relevance of


traditional trade theory to services, Hindley and Smith,’ and Deardorfp are among


several scholars who argue that with few exceptions, trade in services does not


violate the principle of comparative advantage. Deardorff identified an


inconsistency in the Heckscher/Ohlin interpretation of comparative advantage as


it applies to trade in services.” He pointed out that management services are


frequently exported to low skill regions in spite of the relatively high autarky prices


prevailing in the country of origin. This poses a paradox since the theory of


comparative advantage is based on the assumption that services are exported from


countries where they are cheap to countries where they are expensive. On the other


hand, Jones argues that the apparent inconsistency dissolves when the price of


management is adjusted for differences in quality due to technology.*

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