GDL

Do Men leave Feminizing Occupations?

ISSN: 0362-3319.
Journal from gdlhub / 2012-06-19 11:55:18
Oleh : BARBARA THOMAS COVENTRY, STIKOM Dinamika Bangsa Jambi
Dibuat : 2012-06-19, dengan 1 file

Keyword : Do Men leave Feminizing Occupations?
Subjek : Do Men leave Feminizing Occupations?
Sumber pengambilan dokumen : KOPERTIS

Analysts have speculated about the economic and noneconomic reasons that men have

resisted women’s entry into “men’s” work (Hartmann, 1977; Treiman and Hartmann,

1981; Strober and Arnold, 1987; Reskin, 1988). Men may fear that women will take

jobs from men or allow employers to lower wages (Reskin and Padavic, 1994). Occupations

with predominately women workers pay low wages because sex-segregated

labor markets force women to crowd into a relatively few occupations, producing an

oversupply of workers that drives down earnings (Bergmann, 1974). Both men and

women in these occupations earn less than those in predominately male ones (Treiman

and Hartmann, 198 1); also, an occupational shift from predominately male to predominately

female is often associated with a decline in relative earnings (Reskin and Hart mann 1986, pp. 31-32), supporting the contention that men in predominately male

jobs enjoy an economic advantage. Despite the evidence that workers in jobs with

predominately women workers suffer an earnings disadvantage, the causal link

between wages and feminization is not clear. Instead of men objecting to the entry of

women into their occupation, men may not resist because the occupation has already

suffered a decline (Reskin and Roos, 1990). England and Herbert (1993) suggest that

causation may be in either or both directions; increases in women workers may lower

wages and/or lower wages may result in hiring an increasing number of women workers.

Men also may suffer noneconomic costs from having women coworkers. Some men

may believe that their work will lose prestige with feminization (Reskin and Padavic,

1994). Women’s entry into “men’s work” also may threaten men’s masculinity

because then “even women” can do their jobs (Williams, 1989, 1992). Similarly,

Willis (1977, p. 148) contends that, among the young men he studied, predominately

male occupations, especially manual labor, are associated with masculine superiority

rather than feminine inferiority. Furthermore, Hartmann (1977) argues that patriarchy

governs male-female relationships so that women’s subordinate position in the family

and the labor market reinforce one another; men may fear that a loss of superiority in

the workplace may threaten their dominance elsewhere (also see Strober, 1984;

Reskin, 1988).

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